Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Spectral Reflectivity of Epner Laser Gold

[caption id="attachment_372" align="alignleft" width="150" caption="Courtesy of Epner Technology, Inc."][/caption]

(CLICK ON GRAPH TO ENLARGE)
Almost everyone who attends the SPIE DSS Exposition and many other optical and optical engineering Conferences & Expos has received a gold-plated paper clip from Mr. David Epner, personally.

Well, the gold costing that Epner supplies to the optics industry has some interesting infrared reflectance (and emittance) properties.

Those properties, specifically the hemispherical spectral reflectance in the near, mid and far infrared is now available for all to view first hand on the Epner website.

A copy of the curve and the data related to it can be downloaded from the site, too.

Shown here, of course, is the Spectral Reflectance of "Laser Gold", which as most know is the complement of Spectral Emittance at each and every wavelength from the formula: e(lambda) = 1 - r(lambda) - t(lambda),

where, respectively:
e is the emittance,
r is the reflectance,
t is the transmittance and
lambda is the wavelength (on this graph shown in units of micrometers). (Note: the usual expressions for these terms are in the Greek letters, epsilon, rho, tau and lambda and have been modified for use on this webpage)

The assumption most often made is that the transmittance of solid gold is zero, or so nearly so that it can be neglected.

That can be an false assumption in some cases according to the degree of precision required in a specific measurement situation. For instance, a very thin film of gold may be partially transparent especially in the long wavelength regions of the infrared and the optical properties on the material under the gold layer may come into play.

Monday, December 10, 2007

Systematic Errors in the Measurement of Emissivity Caused by Directional Effects

In the Optics InfoBase, by the American Institute of Physics' Optical Society of America:
Authors: Abraham Kribus, Irna Vishnevetsky, Eyal Rotenberg, and Dan Yakir





Applied Optics, Vol. 42, Issue 10, pp. 1839-1846
Keywords (OCIS):
(120.0280) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Remote sensing and sensors
(260.3060) Physical optics : Infrared
(300.2140) Spectroscopy : Emission
Abstract
Accurate knowledge of surface emissivity is essential for applications in remote sensing (remote temperature measurement), radiative transport, and modeling of environmental energy balances...  » View Full Text: PDF

Sunday, December 9, 2007

Spectral Emittance of Ablation Chars, Carbon, and Zirconia to 3700 deg K

Hemispherical Spectral Emittance of Ablation Chars, Carbon, and Zirconia to 3700 deg K
Authors:
R. G. Wilson; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HAMPTON VA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER

Abstract: The initial results of the application of special optical techniques to high-temperature emittance and reflectance studies of an ablation-material char and certain other refractory materials representative of those present in ablation residues formed during aerospace reentry operations are presented. Spectral hemispherical emittance and reflectance were determined with an image pyrometer integrated with an arc-imaging furnace for carbon, graphite, zirconia, and a phenolic-nylon ablation-material char at wavelengths from 0.37 micrometer to 0.72 micrometer for temperatures from 2100 deg K to 3700 deg K. The data obtained are compared with those of other investigations to the extent that the existence of comparable data permits. Surface-roughness properties of the materials studied were determined from measurements made with a light-section microscope. The dependence of the spectral hemispherical emittance of oxidized carbon at a wavelength of 0.65 micrometer on its surface-roughness properties was investigated experimentally and the emittance was found to be a linear function of the root-mean-square slope of the surface when the roughness is large compared with wavelength. p3

Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Description: Technical note
Pages: 31
Report Date: MAR 65
Report Number: A107703

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